This policy report examines the evolution and impact of the caste system on India’s socio-economic landscape, tracing its origins from ancient texts to its complex role in modern society. It explores disparities in education, healthcare, income, and land ownership across caste groups, underscoring how caste shapes social dynamics and economic mobility. The analysis highlights socio-demographic patterns, spending behavior, digital access, and representation in politics and leadership. By profiling regional differences and examining urban-rural divides, the study reveals persistent inequalities despite constitutional safeguards. Policy recommendations aim to foster inclusivity, bridging gaps in access to resources and empowering marginalized communities for a more equitable future.

Sponsor: Self-sponsored

PRICE Research Team: Rajesh Shukla, Pooja Sharma, Asha Sharma, Rajendra Singh and Tanvi Shukla 

Estimated Releasing Date: June 2025